Chair
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Chair is a piece of furniture for sitting, consisting of a seat, a
back, and sometimes arm rests, commonly for use by one person.
Chairs also often have legs to support the seat raised above the
floor. Without back and arm rests it is called a stool. A chair for
more than one person is a couch, sofa, settee, loveseat (two-seater
without arm rest in between) or bench. A separate footrest for a
chair is known as an ottoman, hassock or poof. A chair mounted in a
vehicle or in a theatre is simply called a seat. Chairs as furniture
are typically not attached to the floor and so can be moved.
The back often does not extend all the way to the seat to allow for
ventilation. Likewise, the back and sometimes the seat are made of
porous materials or have holes drilled in them for decoration and
ventilation. |
The back may extend above the height of the head. There may be
separate headrests. Headrests for seats in vehicles are important
for preventing whiplash injuries to the neck when the vehicle is
involved in a rear-end collision.
The chair is of extreme antiquity, although for many centuries and
indeed for thousands of years it was an article of state and dignity
rather than an article of ordinary use. “The chair” is still
extensively used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons
and in public meetings. It was not, in fact, until the 16th century
that it became common anywhere. The chest, the bench and the stool
were until then the ordinary seats of everyday life, and the number
of chairs which have survived from an earlier date is exceedingly
limited; most of such examples are of ecclesiastical or seigniorial
origin. Our knowledge of the chairs of remote antiquity is derived
almost entirely from monuments, sculpture and paintings. A few
actual examples exist in the British Museum, in the Egyptian museum
at Cairo, and elsewhere.
In ancient Egypt chairs appear to have been of great richness and
splendor. Fashioned of ebony and- ivory, or of carved and gilded
wood, they were covered with costly materials and supported upon
representations of the legs of beasts or the figures of captives.
The earliest known form of Greek chair, going back to five or six
centuries before Christ, had a back but stood straight up, front and
back. During Tang dynasty (618 - 907 AD), a higher seats first
started to appear amongst the Chinese elite and their usage soon
spread to all levels of society. By the 12th century seating on the
floor was rare in China, unlike in other Asian countries where the
custom continued, and the chair or more commonly the stool was used
in the vast majority of houses throughout the country.
In Europe, it was owing in great measure to the Renaissance that the
chair ceased to be a privilege of state, and became the customary
companion of whomsoever could afford to buy it. Once the idea of
privilege faded the chair speedily came into general use. We find
almost at once began to change every few years toreflect the
fashions of the hour
The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in chair
construction with such things as all-metal folding chairs,
metal-legged chairs, the Slumber Chair, molded plastic chairs and
ergonomic chairs. The recliner (easy chair) became a popular form,
at least in part due to radio and television, and later a two-part
The modern movement of the 1960s produced new forms of chairs: the
butterfly chair, Bean bags, the egg or pod chair. Technological
advances led to molded plywood and laminate wood chairs, as well as
chairs made of leather or polymers. Massage chairs are now sold and
used in homes all over the world. |
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